🧠 Key Concepts You MUST Know
المفاهيم الأساسية التي يجب فهمها – organized by theme
🚦 TEMA 0 – General Rules / القواعد العامة▼
  • Every driver must not endanger, obstruct, or disturb other road users – الأولوية الأولى: لا تعرض الآخرين للخطر
  • Remolque (trailer) = vehicle with NO own propulsion. Semirremolque = partially rests on towing vehicle.
  • Unauthorized important modifications → vehicle cannot circulate legally.
  • Throwing objects on/near road = serious infraction → loses 4 points
  • Autovía vs Autopista: Autovía allows limited access from adjacent properties; Autopista does NOT.
  • Eco-driving = smooth acceleration + no sudden braking → reduces pollution.
  • Motorcycles: less stable, less visible, more fragile than 4-wheel vehicles.
  • Disc brakes overheat less because they are better ventilated.
  • Acera-bici = bike path ON the sidewalk. Carril-bici = alongside the road.
  • Points recovery: max 6 points per reeducation course, once every 2 years.
🚗 TEMA 1 – Vehicle Circulation / حركة المرور▼
  • Right lane rule: always drive as far right as possible on multi-lane roads.
  • Hard shoulder (arcén): only for emergency stops, never for normal driving.
  • Reversing (marcha atrás): only the minimum distance necessary, never on motorways.
  • Tunnels: turn on dipped headlights always, even in daylight.
  • Rain aquaplaning: release accelerator gently, do NOT brake suddenly.
  • On downhill slopes: use engine braking, do NOT put in neutral or turn off engine.
  • Safe following distance: 2-second rule minimum. In wet: double it.
  • Towing: max speed is 80 km/h on any road type.
  • U-turn (cambio de sentido): prohibited on curves, hills, tunnels, and where visibility is limited.
⬛ TEMA 2 – Priority & Signals / الأولوية والإشارات▼
  • Priority order: Traffic agent → Traffic lights → Signs → Road markings → General rules (right-of-way)
  • At roundabout: vehicles inside have priority over entering vehicles.
  • Emergency vehicles (ambulance, police, fire) always have absolute priority.
  • Ceda el paso (yield) = inverted triangle. You must give way.
  • Stop = octagonal red sign. You must stop completely, even if road is clear.
  • Flashing yellow light = proceed with caution (no stopping required).
  • Flashing red light = treat as STOP sign.
  • Green arrow filter light = you may go in that direction even if main light is red.
  • At uncontrolled intersections: give way to vehicles coming from the right.
  • Pedestrians on a zebra crossing always have priority over vehicles.
🏎️ TEMA 3 – Special Vehicles / المركبات الخاصة▼
  • Vehicles with special transport permit (convoy) can exceed normal limits.
  • Agricultural vehicles (tractors): max speed 40 km/h on public roads.
  • School buses: children must use seat belts; driver responsible for their safety.
  • Oversized loads must have escort vehicle and special signage.
  • Bicycles: may ride 2 abreast on secondary roads, must use single file on main roads.
  • Electric scooters (VMP): prohibited on motorways/autovías; max 25 km/h urban.
↩️ TEMA 4 – Maneuvers / المناورات▼
  • Overtaking (adelantamiento): signal, check mirrors + blind spot, pass quickly, return to lane.
  • Prohibited overtaking: on curves, hills, poor visibility, continuous white line, pedestrian crossings.
  • When being overtaken: do NOT accelerate, may need to slow down and move right.
  • Lane change: always signal, check mirrors + blind spot (ángulo muerto).
  • Turning left on a road: signal well in advance, check for oncoming traffic and cyclists.
  • Parking: wheels against kerb on slopes, handbrake on, engine off, in gear.
  • Never park: double yellow line, bus stop, in front of driveway (vado), within 5m of junction.
🛡️ TEMA 5 – Road Safety / السلامة الطرقية▼
  • Seat belt: mandatory for ALL passengers, ALL seats, ALL roads. Fine for not wearing = 4 points lost.
  • Helmet: mandatory on motorcycles and mopeds, even for passengers.
  • Child restraint: children under 135cm must use approved child seat (SRI).
  • Alcohol limit: general drivers = 0.5 g/l blood (0.25 mg/l breath). New drivers/professional: 0.3 g/l (0.15 mg/l).
  • Tiredness: main cause of accidents on long trips. Stop every 2 hours.
  • Mobile phone while driving = 6 points lost + fine.
  • Reflective vest (chaleco reflectante): must be worn BEFORE exiting vehicle on road.
  • Warning triangles: place 50m behind vehicle on road, visible from 100m.
  • ABS brakes: press firmly and continuously (do NOT pump). ABS prevents wheel lock.
  • ESP (stability control): helps in curves and slippery surfaces automatically.
🚧 TEMA 6 – Road Signs / إشارات الطريق▼
  • Triangular = danger/warning signs (señales de peligro). Red bordered triangles.
  • Circular = obligation/prohibition signs. Red circle = prohibition. Blue circle = obligation.
  • Square/Rectangle = information signs (señales de información).
  • White background + black text = restriction (e.g. speed limit).
  • Blue background = motorway/autovía information.
  • Green background = national roads information.
  • Road markings: continuous white line = cannot cross. Discontinuous = can cross if safe.
  • Yellow road markings = temporary, override white markings.
  • Zigzag line on road = no stopping or parking.
⚙️ TEMA 7 – Motor Vehicles / الميكانيكا والمركبات▼
  • Tyre pressure: low pressure increases fuel consumption, causes tyre overheating. Check cold.
  • Tread depth minimum: 1.6mm for cars. Below = illegal + dangerous (especially in rain).
  • Power steering failure: steering becomes very heavy but still functional.
  • Brake fluid: hygroscopic (absorbs moisture) → must be changed periodically.
  • Catalytic converter: reduces exhaust emissions. Cannot use leaded fuel.
  • Engine oil: lubrication + cooling. Check monthly on cold engine.
  • Turbo engine: let idle for 2 min before switching off after high-speed driving.
  • Air filter: cleans air entering engine. Dirty filter = more fuel consumption.
  • Battery: not charging properly → alternator likely faulty.
🚨 TEMA 8 – Emergencies & Infractions / الطوارئ والمخالفات▼
  • Accident scene: Protect → Warn → Call emergency (112). PAS = Proteger, Avisar, Socorrer.
  • Never move an injured person unless immediate danger (fire, etc).
  • Recovery position (posición lateral de seguridad): for unconscious breathing person.
  • CPR: 30 compressions to 2 breaths, until help arrives.
  • If helmet must be removed: always done by 2 people to protect the neck.
  • Points system: start with 12 (new drivers: 8). Max possible: 15.
  • Losing all points = license revoked; must retake exam after 6-month wait.
  • Very serious infractions (muy graves): alcohol over limit, extreme speeding, fleeing from police.
  • Breathalyzer test: refusing to take it is a CRIME (delito), not just an infraction.
📚 Technical Vocabulary + Arabic
كلمات تقنية لا تُستخدم في الحياة اليومية – click 🌍 for Arabic
🔢 Critical Numbers & Limits
الأرقام الأكثر تكراراً في الامتحان – memorize these!
Topic / الموضوع Value / القيمة Notes ترجمة عربية 🇸🇦
🔁 Core Patterns – Same Question, Many Forms
الأسئلة المتكررة بأشكال مختلفة – know these and you know 40% of the exam
💡 How to Pass the DGT Exam
استراتيجيات النجاح في امتحان DGT
🎯 Answer Strategy – استراتيجية الإجابة
  • Always choose the safest and most cautious answer – DGT values safety above speed.
  • If you see "always/never" (siempre/nunca) in an answer → usually wrong (exceptions exist).
  • If the question asks about emergencies → always stop and help, never just drive past.
  • Questions about speed limits: remember context – wet road? Motorway? Urban? Each is different.
  • When asked what is NOT mandatory → think of the most "optional" item among choices.
  • Negative questions (¿Cuál NO...?) → read very carefully, it's the OPPOSITE of what you expect.
  • If 2 answers seem correct, choose the one that is MORE complete or includes MORE conditions.
  • Alcohol, drugs, mobile phone questions → answer is always the most restrictive option.
  • Real exam: 30 questions, 45 minutes. You can fail max 3 questions (need 27/30 correct = 90%).